Pulm Misc and Imaging

Pneumothorax After fall, has chest pain, and SOB. CXR is as below. What is the cause? What to do next.  Etiology Spontaneous  Primary Spontaneous No Prior Lung Disease  <2-3 cm: NC Oxygen and observation >2-3 cm: Needle aspiration Symptomatic: Needle aspiration .  When needle aspiration fails in above - Tube thoracostomy. May need thoracoscopy as well.  Recurrent PSP or with hemothorax: Needs thoracoscopy. If thoracoscopy not available. Then pelurodesis can be considered.  Clinically unable. Tube thoracostomy.  Secondary Spontaneous Presence of Prior Lung Disease  Carries increased risk of adverse outcome. Hence, all patient should be hospitalized except for cystic fibrosis with < 1 cm  Oxygen for all Large > 2 cm: Tube thoracostomy Small 1 -2 cm: Small bore chest tube Very small < 1 cm: Observation Traumatic  Mucous Plug    HYPOTHERMIA Hypothermia: Case 41-2009 (Frostbite) SARCOIDOSIS Sarcoidosis Lancet 2013 Sarcoidosis NEJM 2007 CAVITATORY PULM LESION Cavitary Pulmonary Disease Clinical Micro Rev 2008 Sleep Diary   Asthma and Allergic disorder Asthma and Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes NEJM 2015 Leukotrienes (MOD) NEJM 2007 Pulmonary Vascular Disease (VTE disorders : Please see Thrombotic Disorders in Hematology/Oncology) Hepatopulmonary Syndrome — A Liver-Induced Lung Vascular Disorder Pulmonary Complications of Sickle Cell Disease High altitude related illness and Misc Update in Pulmonary, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine: Evidence Published in 2013 Annals 2014 Acute High-Altitude Illnesses NEJM 2013 Oxygen Sensing, Homeostasis, and Disease Hypoxia and Inflammation Cystic Fibrosis Mechanisms of Disease: The Human Plasma Lipidome  Additional Learning Tools Pulmccm.org (Has PCCM related updates) Pharmacology in PCCM Asthma COPD Pharmaceutical Drug Overdose